President Trump has repeatedly threatened to invoke the Insurrection Act in response to protests against expanded ICE enforcement operations, most recently in Minnesota in January 2026 following a fatal shooting by an agent that sparked demonstrations. Those threats followed earlier considerations tied to 2025 border security and anti-deportation unrest in Los Angeles and other cities, though no invocation has occurred. The Supreme Court has limited alternative authorities such as 10 U.S.C. § 12406 for federalizing National Guard units, increasing focus on the Act as the broadest remaining option for domestic military deployment. State officials and congressional Democrats have opposed such steps, citing insufficient emergency conditions and potential for litigation. With 2026 midterms approaching, traders are assessing whether escalating enforcement actions, court rulings, or new protests could prompt formal invocation before year-end.