Recent cross-border clashes and accusations of violations have tested the fragile ceasefire between Pakistan and Afghanistan, brokered through Chinese mediation in early April after months of airstrikes and shelling that began in late February. Islamabad continues to cite attacks by Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan militants operating from Afghan territory as the core driver for sustained military pressure along the Durand Line, while Kabul rejects those claims and highlights civilian casualties from Pakistani operations. Low-level incidents in May, including strikes near border outposts and a reported university incident, have renewed doubts about durability despite the current pause in major hostilities. Traders are monitoring whether upcoming diplomatic rounds or verifiable steps against militant networks can prevent renewed escalation before any resolution deadline.