The US-Saudi Section 123 agreement for civilian nuclear cooperation was signed in late July 2026, establishing a framework for US technology transfers and a potential bilateral safeguards pact. President Trump subsequently stated on social media that the deal remains subject to Saudi Arabia joining the Abraham Accords and normalizing relations with Israel—a longstanding Saudi precondition tied to Palestinian statehood progress that has not advanced. The agreement has not been transmitted to Congress for the mandatory review period under the Atomic Energy Act, leaving entry into force dependent on both legislative action and resolution of the additional diplomatic condition. Ongoing congressional concerns over enrichment provisions, IAEA safeguards standards, and regional proliferation risks further complicate the timeline, supporting trader consensus that full implementation is unlikely to occur before the end of 2026.