Skip to main content
Thể thao·MLB

Colorado Rockies vs Pittsburgh Pirates

19h 54m 22s
Polymarket
Rockies
Rockies
4:35 PMMay 14
Pirates
Pirates
$11.72K Vol.Polymarket

Moneyline

$11.7K KL.

Kèo chấp

$0 KL.

Tổng điểm

$1.0K KL.

Will there be a run in the first inning?

$0 KL.

In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35PM ET: This market will resolve to "Colorado Rockies" if the Colorado Rockies win the game. This market will resolve to "Pittsburgh Pirates" if the Pittsburgh Pirates win the game. If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, or ends in a tie, this market will resolve 50-50. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Pittsburgh Pirates" if the Pittsburgh Pirates win the game by 2 or more runs. Otherwise, this market will resolve to "Colorado Rockies". If the game ends in a tie, this market will resolve to "Colorado Rockies". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 9 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 9, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 11 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 11, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 12 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 12, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 6 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 6, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 7 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 7, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 8 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 8, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 10 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 10, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Yes" if at least one run is scored in the 1st inning by either the Colorado Rockies or Pittsburgh Pirates. This market will resolve to "No" if no runs are scored in the 1st inning by either team. If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.Pittsburgh Pirates hold trader consensus edge entering game two of the series at PNC Park after Paul Skenes carried a no-hitter into the seventh inning with 10 strikeouts in yesterday's 3-1 victory over the Colorado Rockies, boosting momentum for the 23-19 Pirates against the slumping 16-26 Rockies, who sit last in the NL West amid a 2-8 stretch over their last 10 games. Today's pitching matchup features Rockies lefty Jose Quintana (1-2, 3.90 ERA) versus Pirates righty Mitch Keller (4-1, 2.87 ERA), underscoring Pittsburgh's rotation strength and home-field advantage on a pitcher-friendly park. Pirates catcher Joey Bart remains sidelined on the 10-day injured list with a foot infection, but Colorado's road woes and poor recent form define the closely contested NL matchup.

In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35PM ET:

This market will resolve to "Colorado Rockies" if the Colorado Rockies win the game.

This market will resolve to "Pittsburgh Pirates" if the Pittsburgh Pirates win the game.

If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, or ends in a tie, this market will resolve 50-50.

The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.
Khối lượng
$11,720
Ngày kết thúc
May 21, 2026
Thị trường mở
May 8, 2026, 9:00 AM ET

Nguồn giải quyết

https://www.mlb.com/

Resolver

0x65070BE91...
In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35PM ET: This market will resolve to "Colorado Rockies" if the Colorado Rockies win the game. This market will resolve to "Pittsburgh Pirates" if the Pittsburgh Pirates win the game. If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, or ends in a tie, this market will resolve 50-50. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.

Cẩn thận với liên kết bên ngoài.

Câu hỏi thường gặp

The “Pirates vs. Rockies” market on Polymarket lets you trade on the outcome of the MLB game between the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Colorado Rockies, scheduled for May 14, 2026 at 12:35 PM ET. The primary market is the moneyline — which team will win the game — where Pirates is currently priced at 62¢ (62% implied probability) and Rockies at 39¢ (39%). Beyond the moneyline, sports markets on Polymarket may feature spreads, totals (over/under), and player props, giving you multiple ways to trade on this game. Prices reflect real-time crowd-sourced probabilities. Shares in the correct outcome pay out $1 each when the market resolves after the game ends.

As of now, the “Pirates vs. Rockies” market has generated $11.7K in total trading volume across all market types (moneyline, spreads, totals, and player props). This volume reflects active engagement from the Polymarket trading community, and a deeper pool of traders generally means more informative, reliable odds. You can track live price movements and trade on any market directly on this page.

To trade on “Pirates vs. Rockies,” start by choosing the market type you want to trade: Moneyline (which team wins), Spreads (margin of victory), Totals (combined score over/under), or Player Props (individual player stat lines). Each market shows the current price for each side — for example, the moneyline shows PIT at 62¢ and COL at 39¢. Select the side you want to trade, choose Buy to take a position or Sell to close an existing one, enter your amount, and click Trade. If your chosen side is correct when the game ends and the market resolves, your shares pay out $1 each. If it’s incorrect, they pay out $0. You can also sell your shares at any time before the game ends to lock in a profit or cut a loss.

The current moneyline odds for “Pirates vs. Rockies” show Pittsburgh Pirates at 62¢ (62% implied probability) and Colorado Rockies at 39¢ (39%). All odds update in real-time as traders buy and sell shares, reflecting the latest collective view of how this game will play out. Check back frequently or bookmark this page to follow how the odds shift as game time approaches.

The “Pirates vs. Rockies” market resolves based on the official final score of the MLB game as reported by MLB’s official results, including overtime if applicable. Moneyline markets resolve to the team that wins the game. Spread markets resolve based on the final margin of victory relative to the posted line. Totals (over/under) markets resolve based on the combined final score of both teams. Player prop markets resolve based on official box score statistics. If the game is postponed or canceled, the market resolution rules (available in the Rules section on this page) specify how that scenario is handled. We recommend reviewing the full resolution criteria before trading.
Thể thao·MLB

Colorado Rockies vs Pittsburgh Pirates

19h 54m 22s
Polymarket
Rockies
Rockies
4:35 PMMay 14
Pirates
Pirates
$11.72K Vol.Polymarket

Moneyline

$11.7K KL.

Kèo chấp

$0 KL.

Tổng điểm

$1.0K KL.

Will there be a run in the first inning?

$0 KL.

In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35PM ET: This market will resolve to "Colorado Rockies" if the Colorado Rockies win the game. This market will resolve to "Pittsburgh Pirates" if the Pittsburgh Pirates win the game. If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, or ends in a tie, this market will resolve 50-50. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Pittsburgh Pirates" if the Pittsburgh Pirates win the game by 2 or more runs. Otherwise, this market will resolve to "Colorado Rockies". If the game ends in a tie, this market will resolve to "Colorado Rockies". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 9 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 9, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 11 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 11, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 12 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 12, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 6 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 6, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 7 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 7, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 8 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 8, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Over" if the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates combine to score 10 or more runs in this game. If the combined total is less than 10, this market will resolve to "Under". If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35 PM ET: This market will resolve to "Yes" if at least one run is scored in the 1st inning by either the Colorado Rockies or Pittsburgh Pirates. This market will resolve to "No" if no runs are scored in the 1st inning by either team. If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, this market will resolve 50-50. To know when a postponed game will be played, please check the home team's schedule on MLB.com for the listed team and look for the game described as a makeup game. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.Pittsburgh Pirates hold trader consensus edge entering game two of the series at PNC Park after Paul Skenes carried a no-hitter into the seventh inning with 10 strikeouts in yesterday's 3-1 victory over the Colorado Rockies, boosting momentum for the 23-19 Pirates against the slumping 16-26 Rockies, who sit last in the NL West amid a 2-8 stretch over their last 10 games. Today's pitching matchup features Rockies lefty Jose Quintana (1-2, 3.90 ERA) versus Pirates righty Mitch Keller (4-1, 2.87 ERA), underscoring Pittsburgh's rotation strength and home-field advantage on a pitcher-friendly park. Pirates catcher Joey Bart remains sidelined on the 10-day injured list with a foot infection, but Colorado's road woes and poor recent form define the closely contested NL matchup.

In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35PM ET:

This market will resolve to "Colorado Rockies" if the Colorado Rockies win the game.

This market will resolve to "Pittsburgh Pirates" if the Pittsburgh Pirates win the game.

If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, or ends in a tie, this market will resolve 50-50.

The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.
Khối lượng
$11,720
Ngày kết thúc
May 21, 2026
Thị trường mở
May 8, 2026, 9:00 AM ET

Nguồn giải quyết

https://www.mlb.com/

Resolver

0x65070BE91...
In the upcoming MLB game between the Colorado Rockies and Pittsburgh Pirates, scheduled for May 14 at 12:35PM ET: This market will resolve to "Colorado Rockies" if the Colorado Rockies win the game. This market will resolve to "Pittsburgh Pirates" if the Pittsburgh Pirates win the game. If the game is postponed, this market will remain open until the game has been completed. If the game is canceled entirely, with no make-up game, or ends in a tie, this market will resolve 50-50. The primary resolution source for this market is the official final statistics of the event as recognized by the governing body or event organizers. However, if the governing body or event organizers have not published final match statistics within 24 hours after the event's conclusion, a consensus of credible reporting may be used instead.

Cẩn thận với liên kết bên ngoài.

Câu hỏi thường gặp

The “Pirates vs. Rockies” market on Polymarket lets you trade on the outcome of the MLB game between the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Colorado Rockies, scheduled for May 14, 2026 at 12:35 PM ET. The primary market is the moneyline — which team will win the game — where Pirates is currently priced at 62¢ (62% implied probability) and Rockies at 39¢ (39%). Beyond the moneyline, sports markets on Polymarket may feature spreads, totals (over/under), and player props, giving you multiple ways to trade on this game. Prices reflect real-time crowd-sourced probabilities. Shares in the correct outcome pay out $1 each when the market resolves after the game ends.

As of now, the “Pirates vs. Rockies” market has generated $11.7K in total trading volume across all market types (moneyline, spreads, totals, and player props). This volume reflects active engagement from the Polymarket trading community, and a deeper pool of traders generally means more informative, reliable odds. You can track live price movements and trade on any market directly on this page.

To trade on “Pirates vs. Rockies,” start by choosing the market type you want to trade: Moneyline (which team wins), Spreads (margin of victory), Totals (combined score over/under), or Player Props (individual player stat lines). Each market shows the current price for each side — for example, the moneyline shows PIT at 62¢ and COL at 39¢. Select the side you want to trade, choose Buy to take a position or Sell to close an existing one, enter your amount, and click Trade. If your chosen side is correct when the game ends and the market resolves, your shares pay out $1 each. If it’s incorrect, they pay out $0. You can also sell your shares at any time before the game ends to lock in a profit or cut a loss.

The current moneyline odds for “Pirates vs. Rockies” show Pittsburgh Pirates at 62¢ (62% implied probability) and Colorado Rockies at 39¢ (39%). All odds update in real-time as traders buy and sell shares, reflecting the latest collective view of how this game will play out. Check back frequently or bookmark this page to follow how the odds shift as game time approaches.

The “Pirates vs. Rockies” market resolves based on the official final score of the MLB game as reported by MLB’s official results, including overtime if applicable. Moneyline markets resolve to the team that wins the game. Spread markets resolve based on the final margin of victory relative to the posted line. Totals (over/under) markets resolve based on the combined final score of both teams. Player prop markets resolve based on official box score statistics. If the game is postponed or canceled, the market resolution rules (available in the Rules section on this page) specify how that scenario is handled. We recommend reviewing the full resolution criteria before trading.