South Dakota voters face Constitutional Amendment J on the November 3, 2026 ballot, a legislatively referred measure that would explicitly disqualify noncitizens from voting in state and local elections while restating existing citizenship qualifications. Trader sentiment sits near even odds because Republican legislative sponsors emphasize closing a perceived constitutional loophole and reinforcing election integrity after isolated registration errors, yet Democratic opponents highlight risks of expanded voter challenges under the state's new documentary proof-of-citizenship law. This balance reflects competing priorities in a Republican-led state: symbolic reinforcement of federal noncitizen voting bans versus concerns over added procedural hurdles for naturalized citizens and implementation friction ahead of the general election.