Arizona voters will decide Proposition 317 on November 3, 2026, a legislatively referred measure declaring drug cartels terrorist organizations and directing the state Department of Homeland Security to use its full authority against related threats including human smuggling and drug trafficking. The measure follows strong 2024 approval of Proposition 314 on border enforcement and reflects Republican legislative priorities on fentanyl flows and cartel activity along the southern border. Partisan divisions in the legislature, with near-unanimous Republican support and Democratic opposition, combined with critics' concerns over broad statutory language that could affect low-level offenders or asylum claims, create competitive balance. Turnout patterns among border-security voters versus those prioritizing civil liberties protections, along with any late campaign messaging on enforcement scope, could shift the outcome in either direction.