Iran’s brief five-hour full airspace closure on October 1, 2026, triggered by heightened U.S.-Iran tensions and anti-government protests, represents the most recent direct action affecting overflight and international routing. This followed months of partial restrictions after the February 2026 Israeli-American strikes, which initially prompted a complete shutdown later eased for limited Iranian-carrier operations. U.S. Treasury sanctions imposed in September on 27 Iranian airlines and secondary measures against service providers have reduced Tehran’s international flights by 42 percent, halting routes to the UAE, Oman, Georgia, and Azerbaijan while prompting Iraq to restrict most services except limited Najaf pilgrim flights. EASA has extended its conflict-zone advisory for Iranian and Iraqi airspace through mid-November. Ongoing diplomatic friction, including Iranian calls to lift curbs and U.S. pressure over regional security, continues to shape assessments of further closures.