France and the UK have advanced planning for a multinational “coalition of the willing” force to provide post-ceasefire security guarantees in Ukraine, including training, airspace and maritime protection, and military hubs, with Macron outlining an “Odessa Plan” on October 4 and Starmer affirming UK troop readiness. Ireland signaled willingness to contribute peacekeepers contingent on a UN-compatible agreement but stressed it is not yet at the decision stage. Germany supports a European mission yet prefers basing options outside Ukraine, while Poland, Italy and others have declined ground contributions. Russia has repeatedly rejected any NATO or European troops on Ukrainian soil, and no ceasefire framework currently exists. These factors keep formal deployment announcements by EU or NATO members dependent on prior diplomatic breakthroughs that have not materialized.