France and the United Kingdom have led planning for a multinational reassurance force of roughly 15,000–20,000 troops to deploy in western Ukraine after any ceasefire, with a January 2026 letter of intent signed by President Zelenskyy, President Macron, and Prime Minister Starmer outlining training, air, and maritime support roles. Turkey has signaled conditional readiness for Black Sea tasks, while Ireland has expressed willingness to contribute if a deal is reached. Progress remains tied to a ceasefire that has not occurred, with Russia rejecting any such deployment as unacceptable and threatening targets. Several EU and NATO members, including Poland, Italy, and Germany, have declined or limited involvement, and the United States has ruled out troop contributions. NATO military representatives visited Kyiv in October 2026 amid continued hostilities, but no EU or NATO country has issued a formal announcement of troop deployment absent a peace agreement.