Iran’s parliament enacted restrictions in 2025 blocking IAEA inspections of facilities damaged in U.S. and Israeli strikes, and Tehran has withheld access to Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan since June 2025, leaving the agency unable to verify stockpiles of enriched uranium believed concentrated in Isfahan tunnels. IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi has repeatedly called for urgent inspections amid referral of the compliance issue to the UN Security Council. Recent private diplomatic signals from Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi linking resumed access to sanctions relief, alongside President Masoud Pezeshkian’s comments on negotiated terms, represent the main potential catalysts, though official Iranian statements have rejected specific reports of offers. Ongoing satellite-observed activity at related sites underscores the verification gap.