South Dakota's Constitutional Amendment J, a legislatively referred measure placed on the November 3, 2026 ballot by the Republican-controlled legislature, would explicitly disqualify noncitizens from voting in state and local elections while reinforcing existing citizenship requirements. Trader consensus at 95 percent reflects the state's strong Republican tilt, minimal organized opposition, and precedent of similar citizenship measures passing in other states. A related 2026 law enabling voter challenges on citizenship grounds has drawn some Democratic criticism over potential burdens on naturalized citizens, yet no polling or campaign developments indicate meaningful risk of defeat. Late legal challenges or unusually low turnout could theoretically alter results, though both remain improbable given the straightforward ballot language and timeline.