South Dakota voters will decide Constitutional Amendment J on November 3, 2026, a legislatively referred measure that would explicitly disqualify noncitizens from voting in all state and local elections by adding clarifying language to the state constitution. Trader consensus at 97.4% for passage stems from the state's Republican legislative majority that referred the amendment, its conservative electorate, and historical approval rates for comparable citizenship requirements elsewhere. Limited Democratic opposition has focused on procedural concerns around voter challenges rather than the core prohibition itself. Realistic scenarios that could still shift outcomes include unusually low turnout, last-minute legal disputes over ballot language, or confusion from the other three amendments appearing on the same ballot.