Iranian authorities have repeatedly imposed nationwide internet blackouts during periods of unrest and conflict, including an 88-day near-total shutdown from late February to late May 2026 triggered by U.S. and Israeli strikes, following an earlier January blackout amid economic protests. Partial restoration ordered by President Masoud Pezeshkian has left connectivity slow and heavily filtered, with many platforms restricted and selective whitelisting for institutions, though short localized outages continue in cities such as Tehran. Trader consensus prices a fresh total blackout—defined by Cloudflare metrics dropping to 1% or less of recent peaks for multiple hours—by year-end at roughly 26-35%, reflecting the high economic costs of prolonged isolation, the shift toward a controlled National Information Network, and the absence of immediate large-scale triggers despite ongoing regional tensions and domestic pressures.