Pakistan's ongoing military operations against alleged TTP and allied militant hideouts in Afghan border provinces have intensified since a September 18, 2026, suicide attack in Kohat that killed 31 people. Islamabad conducted multiple airstrikes in late September and early October targeting sites in Kunar, Paktika, Helmand, and other areas under Operation Ghazab lil-Haq, claiming precision hits on terrorist infrastructure while Afghan officials and UN reports cite civilian deaths. The Taliban government has denied harboring militants, launched drones in response, and vowed retaliation, sustaining the cycle of cross-border exchanges that began with sustained strikes in February 2026. Mediation by China and others has failed to produce lasting de-escalation amid mutual accusations over Durand Line security and insurgent safe havens. Traders assessing further Pakistani action will watch for new TTP attacks inside Pakistan or shifts in Afghan responses that could prompt additional calibrated strikes.