Ongoing US-Israeli strikes on Iran and Iranian retaliatory missile and drone attacks across the Gulf have placed Saudi Arabia under repeated threat since February 2026, with Riyadh and eastern energy sites targeted directly and via Iran-backed Houthi forces in Yemen. Recent days saw Houthi ballistic and cruise missiles aimed at Riyadh intercepted by Saudi defenses, alongside damage to an Aramco facility from debris, while Saudi officials warned Tehran that continued strikes on the kingdom or its infrastructure would prompt military retaliation and potentially allow US basing. October meetings in Tehran between Saudi, Pakistani, and Turkish officials and Iranian leaders produced pledges for dialogue to avert escalation, yet proxy attacks and direct Iranian threats persist amid stalled broader negotiations and upcoming US policy decisions.