The U.S.-Saudi civil nuclear cooperation agreement, signed in July 2026 and transmitted to Congress on August 24, remains subject to the Atomic Energy Act’s 90-day review period, which extends into late November. President Trump has publicly conditioned final approval on Saudi Arabia joining the Abraham Accords and normalizing relations with Israel, a step Riyadh has not taken. Lawmakers from both parties have raised nonproliferation concerns, including the absence of an IAEA Additional Protocol requirement and the framework’s pathway for a future joint study on domestic uranium enrichment. These procedural, diplomatic, and congressional hurdles sustain trader consensus that the agreement is unlikely to enter into force before the end of 2026, though completion of the review without a disapproval resolution or a shift on normalization could still alter the timeline.